ABSTRACT
Background: HIV/AIDS was first recognized in USA in 1981 when centre for disease control (CDC) reported unexplained occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 5 healthy homosexuals. Soon it was recognized in drug abusers and blood transfusion recipients. The present study has been taken up with an aim to know the incidence of various opportunistic infections in HIV positive patients and to correlate different opportunistic infections (OIs) with the CD4+cellcount.Methods: Sample of 132 cases admitted in Gandhi hospital during the study period were taken. CD4+ counting of blood samples was done by Flow cytometry as per manufacturer’s instructions (FACS Calibur, Becton- Dickinson, Immunocytometry system). Correlation of CD4 cell counts was done with the respective opportunistic infections.Results: TB (50%) is the most frequent OI followed by candidiasis (49%), pneumocystis (16%) and others. The mean CD4 cell count in TB was 110.80/mL and in candidiasis 97.84/mL. Low values were observed in CMV (27/mL) and in toxoplasmosis (61.66/mL).Conclusions: In most of the patient’s respiratory system was the most common system involved by OIs and had CD4 T cell count below 200/mL. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of opportunistic infections is important. This study helps the clinicians in proper guidance to come up before development of severe immunodeficiency to prevent serious and fatal outcome.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virus,causative agent in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, isfast becoming a major threat in the Indian subcontinent, withan estimated 3.7 million persons being infected with HIV. HIVinfection is complicated by various opportunistic infections(OIs) such as tuberculosis (TB), candidiasis, herpes zoster,Pneumocystis jirvoceii, cytomegalovirus (CMV) etc. Thisstudy carried out to know the clinical profile of HIV patientswho require admission.Material and methods: The aim of this study to determinethe spectrum of opportunistic infections in adult AIDSpatients. A total of 132 patients were tested for spectrum ofopportunistic infections. All the specimens were processed asper standard procedures to detect bacterial, fungal, parasiticand viral infections.Results: Among 132 patients, 34.84% were females,63.63%males and 1.49% were transgender males. Highproportions of patients were observed in 28-37 years ofagegroup and heterosexual route was the most common modeof transmission. TB (50%) is the most frequent OI followedby candidiasis (49%), pneumocystis (16%) and others.Conclusions: Respiratory system was the most commonsystem involved by OIs. Early diagnosis and prompt treatmentof opportunistic infections is important before developmentof severe immunodeficiency to prevent serious and fataloutcome.